Saturday, December 22, 2012

Post-Christmas Storm Update

*If you just want a plain, non-technical forecast; skip to the part that says "non-technical" forecast.

Over the past few days, the model consensus for the track of this potentially significant storm has trended well east. So far east in fact, that the area would have no problem seeing an all-snow event. And several models do suggest the potential for a period of significant snowfall across the area (mainly east of Interstate 69. The heaviest snowfall will remain in Northwest Ohio and southeast).

But don't get excited yet. Several models have actually trended so far east that the area gets little more than a few snow showers, and lake effect after the storm. Some of the global models depict a storm moving from the Southeast and transfering to the East Coast instead of a low that travels into Kentucky, and then transfers to the East Coast (which would bring us decently heavy snowfall accumulations).


Depiction of the large trough in the East which will eventually redevelop the "block".



Many meteorologists (especially meteorologists from the East) would probably disagree with me on this next point, but I would like to put it on the table for now. One of the main reasons why the consensus track has trended east is because of the current trough of low pressure that is currently located along the East Coast. The trough will push northeast, and become trapped by a developing ridge over the Atlantic (NAO transitioning to its neutral or positive phase around Christmas). At the same time, instead of breaking down the block over Northeast Canada it shifts it west, into the Hudson Bay and regions farther west. Eventually, depending on how neutral or positive the NAO goes, will determine how strong of a rex block will develop. Current trends would indicate that because the PNA is still neutral to negative, that it should go at least to near neutral in coming days. I believe that the Euro is doing a better job (again, most would disagree with me) with handling a weaker rex block (actually, its not really a true rex block. A true rex block is an open wave pattern. In this case, the lows on either side of the block over Canada are closed, making it more similar to an omega block.) over Maritime Canada and the North Atlantic. This would tell me (as well as past analogues) that models will eventually shift back farther west. Not only this, but I believe that some of the models are over doing the strength of the initial clipper for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. This would affect the eventual path of the storm as well. And because I believe that there will be a weaker rex block, the shortwave will travel slightly farther north than what models are indicating. While this would eventually help "strengthen" the rex block, it wouldn't do so as much as indicated by computer models.

00z ECMWF's forecast of the blocking pattern over Canada.


While I do not disagree with a primary low that transfers to the East Coast, I believe that recent model trends reflect "pseudo-reality". What I mean by this is that I believe the models are too weak, and too far east with the primary surface low. In situations such as this, the surface low will likely track through Kentucky, and southern Ohio, which would bring the area a good 6-12 inches of snow (mainly south of Route 6). BUT, it will primarily depend on how quickly the secondary low develops. Sometimes, models depict this happening too early, and some too slowly. Time will tell what will happen. At the current time, I would think it is possible that secondary development occurs faster, but it will depend on the strength of the shortwave over Texas, and how quickly energy can consolidate. Since the ECMWF generally has a better grip on these types of things, I can say that having one primary shortwave is definitely more probable then having a weaker initial wave, with several smaller ones as well.

Here's my storm track map:

Preliminary storm map.




This map is based upon the latest forecasts, and factoring in other "causations" as well. If the east trend continues today, I will shift the snow region farther eastward, but this is my best guess at this time. Most of the region will be in the dark blue, and depending on the track of the system, could bring us some decent snowfall amounts. I would expect a good 1-8 inches of snow in the dark blue (one on the edge, 8 closer to the pink). In the pink, I'm expecting a good 9-15 inches, with some areas getting 15-18 inches (isolated).



Tuesday, December 18, 2012

Forecasted Snowfall Amounts

Antwerp is in the 1-3 inch zone. This includes lake enhancement during the storm, but not lake effect snow AFTER the storm.

This is my snowfall map for Thursday's night storm. At the current time, based on the latest model data, I can see that a feature called a "deformation zone" will develop across the area as the main storm system strengthens rapidly. Due to the quick movement of the cold front, any precipitation that falls within this band will be all snow, based on the latest sounding diagrams. Right now, snow ratios look to be around 10:1 to 13:1. What this means is that 10 (or 13 inches of snow) will melt to 1 inch of liquid water. Multiplying by liquid water equivalent will get you snowfall. Since about 0.1 to about 0.5 inches of frozen precipitation will fall (due to partially wet snowflakes), it's likely that most of the area sees about 1 inch, to possibly five inches in NW Indiana and Southern Michigan. In the Fort Wayne region, if current NAM forecasts hold, a solid 1-3 inches of snow could fall Thursday night into Friday morning.

Right now, here is a quick timeline of the storm. Wednesday afternoon, thick cloud cover from the oncoming developing storm system will spread into the region. By late Wednesday night, probably around midnight, we will likely see bands of light rain move into the region. By early Thursday morning, rain will become steadier and heavier, before becoming lighter for a time Thursday late morning. By Thursday midday, a line of convective showers and POSSIBLY a thunderstorm could bring some heavier rainfall amounts. By the early and mid afternoon, a dry "slot" will move through the region as the cold front "blasts" through the region. During this time, temperatures will fall quite quickly into the middle and upper 30's. As the low begins to stall over southern Michigan (model consensus of the storm), the deformation zone, an elongated band of heavier precipitation, will try to swing into Eastern Indiana and Western Ohio. While the details aren't clear yet, the placement of this deformation zone will determine how much snow we actually will get. If the current trend of the storm going further south continues, I wouldn't doubt that snowfall amounts would be in the range of 2-4 inches across the area (especially if lake enhancement comes into play). If the deformation zone is farther north, then expect near or less than an inch of snow across the area.

After this storm moves through, a cold and stagnant air mass will dominate the weather conditions up until Christmas. A weak wave of colder air before Christmas could cause another shot at snow and/or lake effect snow Christmas Eve or Christmas Day. Either way, depending on snowfall Thursday night, and the next system, our area has a decent chance at seeing a white christmas. If we see a white christmas, it'll be the first in several years! After Christmas, both the GFS and ECMWF are continually hinting at a major storm system "bombing" out in the Southern Plains and heading northeastward. The ECMWF indicates that this would initially begin as a sleet/ice mix, before transitioning to all rain, and then to potentially heavy snow, and high winds. The GFS on the otherhand, has a much longer period of sleet and snow ahead of the storm, with only a brief transition to liquid precipitation, before a transition to heavy snowfall. Either way, a major Arctic wave is POSSIBLE just before New Year's Day. Keep watching for my posts for additional information on this post-Christmas storm. (Note: Some forecasters have said that this storm may end up as an East Coast storm system, and I do agree with them. It is possible that this ends up as an East Coast storm, which would leave the area high and dry, but with very cold weather, and heavy lake effect snow. I will continue to monitor the storm for additional information.).